2011 Updated ACLS Guidelines

by Mohammed Alo 15. February 2011 20:32

The American Heart Association has updated the ACLS guidelines over the past few years. Here is a quick summary the new changes in th 2011 guidelines:

 

Circulation, Circulation, Circulation

No more mouth to mouth CPR . This was changed in 2008, but it is being re-emphasized. If you see someone down in the parking lot, ask them if they are ok, if they don't respond, just start chest compressions. NO mouth to mouth. No more "look, listen, and feel" for breathing. Just start compressions. This doesn't apply to hospitalized patients or ER patients. In the hospital, you can have someone bag them right away and intubate them. You don't have to ignore airway. Now it's CAB, instead of ABC. (Chest compressions, airway, breathing). If they aren't getting compressions, they aren't circulating blood, and their brain is dying quickly. Rate should be 100/minute. Good, deep, hard compressions. Minimize interuptions in chest compressions as much as possible. Don't delay shock.

De-emphasize Drugs, Devices, and other Distracters

Advanced airways, central lines, and drug delivery should not interupt chest compressions. The new guidelines focus on things that improve survival....  ie chest compressions.

Atropine is gone.

Atropine is no longer part of ACLS protocols at all. If they are slow or bradycardic, epinephrine will work just fine. Use an epinephrine drip or dopamine drip if needed.

Bicarbonate is out.

Bicarbonate is no longer part of ACLS protocol (Removed in 2005). Sure, if you think someone has overdosed on a TCA, then fine, but that isn't a code siutation.

Procainamide is first for STABLE VTach.

Stable means they have a pulse and are talking to you. If they are unstable, you are back to chest compressions, amiodarone 300mg IV push, and defibrillation.

Amiodarone is FIRST for UNSTABLE VTach.

This is still the number one drug for a patient that loses consciousness and begins to crash with VTach. 300mg IV push.

Lidocaine is out.

Lidocaine for unstable VTach has been removed. 

Post Arrest Care

New section has been added on post arrest care, including infusion of 2 Liters of cold (0F/32C degree) normal saline.

No tPA for HTN Emergency.

If a patient presents with confusion and an elevated BP (>200/110), get the BP down. HTN encephalopathy can be confused with TIA/CVA. Don't give tPA until you know what the patient really has. Confusion is not a stroke in progress.

15 Special situations.

There are 15 special new situations and algorithms. Take a look at them. Pregnancy, stroke, PE, etc. 

More information:

http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/CPRAndECC/HealthcareTraining/AdvancedCardiovascularLifeSupportACLS/Advanced-Cardiovascular-Life-Support-ACLS_UCM_001280_SubHomePage.jsp

Full Guidelines:

http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/vol122/18_suppl_3/

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Cardiology | Critical Care | Emergency | Medicine

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Comments (7) -

mike
mike United States
3/23/2011 12:56:32 PM #

I heard that Atropine is now out of the protocol for ACLS but am unable to find anything from the AHA that states this. Where did you first hear of this?
Thank you.

orlanda enriquez
orlanda enriquez United States
4/2/2011 2:53:28 PM #

With all due respect I am simply puzzled and confused by some of these changes that it makes me wonder  the rationale. then again who am I to
challenge your wisdom.  I am simply a CCU nurse with 27 years of experience.  I know Lidocaine is an old drug and perhaps that is the problem.  Perhaps there isn't the enough enthusiasm, funding to do studies on older drugs such as atropine, lidocaine or for that matter Dobutamine for renal perfusion.  We at the bedside prove time and time again that these drugs work in the way that were intended.  It is so frustrating so see the evidence at the bedside being disregarded.  Perhaps these drugs are no longer "evidence based" because they are not profitable!  I have no evidence for saying this just logic.
I recently had a patient that would have died if it weren't for lidocaine stabelizing his VT.  He had an MI, was on the hypothermia protocol.  Vt continued despite Amiodarone, Procanimide and  he was even becoming refractory to the shocks.  He was going to die!  As a last resort at the suggestion of an older nurse, Lidocaine was started, controlled his VT, was rewarmed and went to the cath lab for stenting.  

ACLS Classes
ACLS Classes
4/18/2011 6:43:30 PM #

I am a little confused by you saying Atropine is out. The new guidelines state:

"For symptomatic or unstable bradycardia, intravenous infusion of chronotropic agents is now recommended as an equally effective alternative to external transcutaneous pacing when atropine is ineffective."

I understand for Asystole or PEA, no more Atropine, but is 0.5mg of Atropine for sinus brady still used?

Thanks.

mohammed
mohammed
5/15/2011 8:31:04 PM #

The December 2010 update has removed atropine. Epinephrine does the same thing for slow PEA or bradycardia.

Now, if you are talking about an awake and alert patient that is wide awake and has some bradycardia, you can try all sorts of things. A little atropine can help in that case.

Of course, if they are in 3rd degree heart block (complete heart block), no drugs will help. So there is no point. A lot of times a patient is bradycardic, and we forget to notice that he is actually in 3rd AV block. All the drugs in the world won't help. I always teach that if a patient is bradycardic, rule out 3rd AV block first. They are hard to catch.

dane
dane
6/4/2011 11:50:21 PM #

actually atropine used for mobitz 2 or complete heart block will help.  It will either speed up your block to a 3rd degree or send them to ventricular standstill. A lot of people don't remember this. Kinda scary!!!!

J.Small
J.Small
6/6/2011 2:37:49 PM #

Mohammed:  Can you please post referances.  I just obtained an ACLS pocketguide and still see atropine and epinephrine used as before.

Lowly.paramedic
Lowly.paramedic
9/23/2011 6:44:54 PM #

I am not a big fan of ACLS, I can understand alot of the reasoning behind it for a busy metro EMS service where you throw a rock and it bounces of 3-4 hospitals  before it hit the ground, but what about the rural areas where the old stuff works, where when you get to the closest ED the doctor is even there yet and is still on the way. Another point why  would you give a person having coded with a heart attack EPI as often as ACLS guidelines  say to and increase the work load and oxygen demand of  the heart that have never made any sense to me, makes sense in a truama situation but will never in a cardiac induced CODE. I use it but streach the 5 min mark as long as possible. just a side note amioderone  prehospital is a joke  when lidocaine works just fine and has proven it self  time over time.  If you are going to  send someone to ride along to push 150 MG  over 10 min  then that is fine, but I would rather  give a dose of Lidocaine and start a drip  seen it work with good out comes several times, also seen a doctor give amiodrone for PSVT, didnt work,lol.

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Dr. Mohammed S. Alo

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